A locked or stiff electric steering system is a problem that can occur in various vehicle models, causing significant concern for the driver.
This system, also known as EPS (Electric Power Steering), operates through an electric motor that assists in moving the steering wheel.
Unlike hydraulic steering, which relies on pressurized fluid, electric steering uses sensors and electronic components to function properly.
If the electric steering has become stiff or locked, it may indicate issues ranging from simple causes to more serious failures.
Let’s explore each of them and explain how to fix them.
A Weak or Dead Battery Can Cause Steering Lock
Electric steering relies directly on the power supplied by the battery.
If the battery is weak, dead, or faulty, it may not provide enough current to the steering motor, leading to stiffness or even complete locking of the steering wheel.
Solution: Check the Battery Voltage
Use a multimeter to check the battery voltage. A healthy battery should have at least 12.6V with the engine off and between 13.7V and 14.7V with the engine running. If the voltage is low, recharge or replace the battery.
Faulty Alternator Affects Electric Steering
The alternator is responsible for keeping the battery charged and supplying power to the car’s electrical systems.
If it malfunctions, it can compromise the operation of the electric steering.
Solution: Voltage regulator
Test the alternator with a multimeter. If it’s not charging properly, you may need to replace the voltage regulator or the alternator itself.
Blown Fuse Can Cause Loss of Steering Assistance
The electric steering system has protective fuses that prevent electrical overloads.
If one of these fuses blows, power to the steering motor will be cut off, causing the steering to become stiff or lock up.
Solution: Electric steering fuse
Check the vehicle’s manual to locate the electric steering fuse and replace it if it’s blown.
Faulty Torque and Position Sensors Can Disrupt Operation
The EPS system uses sensors to detect the amount of force applied to the steering wheel by the driver.
If one of these sensors fails, the assistance may be interrupted, making steering heavy.
Solution: Automotive scanner
Use an automotive scanner to identify sensor faults. In some cases, recalibration can fix the issue, but if the sensor is damaged, replacement is necessary.
Steering Control Module Failure Can Cause Locking
The electronic module that controls the steering system can fail due to overheating, moisture, or issues in the vehicle’s CAN network.
This can cause the steering to stiffen or stop working.
Solution: Advanced scanner
An advanced scanner can diagnose module problems. Sometimes, a reset can temporarily fix the issue, but a replacement may be required.
Locked or Burned-Out Electric Motor Affects Steering Assistance
The electric motor in the steering system can fail due to natural wear, overheating, or fluid leaks.
When this happens, the power assistance may stop completely.
Solution: Inspect and Possibly Replace the Electric Steering Motor
Disassembling the system is necessary to inspect and, if needed, replace the electric steering motor.
Mechanical Issues in the Steering Rack Can Cause Locking
The steering rack can also develop mechanical failures, such as worn or jammed gears, preventing the steering wheel from moving even if the electric system is functioning correctly.
Solution: Repair or replacement.
If you hear unusual noises or experience mechanical locking, the steering rack should be disassembled and inspected to determine whether it needs repair or replacement.
Electric Steering Reprogramming May Be Necessary After Maintenance
Some vehicles require the steering system to be reprogrammed after component replacement.
If not done correctly, errors may occur, possibly leading to steering lockup.
Solution: Automotive scanner
Use a compatible automotive scanner to reprogram the system and ensure everything is working as expected.
How to Prevent Electric Steering Problems
To avoid failures, regular preventive maintenance is essential, including periodic checks of the battery, alternator, and fuses.
Additionally, any signs of malfunction should be diagnosed quickly using an automotive scanner, allowing for efficient problem identification.
It’s always wise to start with the simplest causes, like checking the battery and fuses, before considering costly part replacements or unnecessary repairs.
If you frequently experience steering stiffness or lockups, visit a specialized electric steering repair shop for a thorough evaluation and permanent solution.
